Slightly different than the vanilla WordPress way…
Use a custom walker nav menu to output menu item descriptions in the menu. ( the descriptions can be added after selecting ‘Description’ in Screen Options )
Menu_With_Description is a class that extends Walker_Nav_Menu class.
add_filter( 'wp_nav_menu_args', function( $args ) {
if ( isset( $args['menu_class'] ) && 'menu genesis-nav-menu menu-primary' == $args['menu_class'] ) {
$args['walker'] = new Menu_With_Description();
}
return $args;
});